For animals all around the world, 全世界的动物
their first year is one of the most difficult 出生的第一年是最困难和
and most dangerous. 最危险的一年.
To survive,they must overcome daily threats and challenges 为了生存,他们必须克服日常的威胁和挑战
from rivals 来自竞争对手
from the elements 来自自然环境
and predators. 还有捕食者.
In this series,three wildlife camera operators will travel 在这个系列中,三位野生动物摄影师将跟踪
the globe to follow our planet's most iconic species, 地球上标志性物种,
as they grow and develop day by day. 拍摄它们一天一天的成长和发展.
As the animal babies approach the end of their first year, 当动物宝宝快满一岁的时候,
they need to take on the most complex challenges of their lives. 他们需要接受生活中最复杂的挑战.
In Kenya,on her first birthday 在肯尼亚,在她一岁生日那天
an elephant calf must work out how to feed herself. 小象必须学会如何养活自己.
At the edge of the Arctic, 在北极边缘,
a fox cub must become independent 狐狸幼崽必须独立
before the onset of a brutal winter. 在严冬来临之前.
In Sri Lanka,a one-year-old macaque must develop the skills 在斯里兰卡,一岁的猕猴必须发展这种技能
to survive beyond his mother's protection. 在他母亲的保护下生存.
They are taking their life in their hands,these monkeys. 他们把生命掌握在手中,这些猴子.
And one of our closest cousins - a mountain gorilla - 还有我们最亲近的表亲——一只山地大猩猩-
must learn the coordination to explore Uganda's forest kingdom. 必须学会协调,探索乌干达的森林王国.
That is just saying,"I'm one-year-old now.Right now." 那就是说,“我现在一岁了.现在.”
This is the story of what it takes to survive in the wild. 这是一个如何在野外生存的故事.
Half of those cubs won't make it. 一半的幼崽都撑不住了.
I just want them to come back out of harm's way and be safe. 我只想让他们从危险的地方回来并且安全.
This is their first year on Earth. 这是他们在地球上的第一年.
It's almost like seeing your kid ride their bike for the first time. 就像第一次看到你的孩子骑自行车一样.
In southwest Uganda, 在乌干达西南部,
an unparalleled island of forest 无与伦比的森林之岛
covers mountain tops close to the equator. 覆盖了靠近赤道的山顶.
It is known as Bwindi 它被称为Bwindi
The Impenetrable. 不可逾越的.
It's July,and wildlife cameraman Vianet Djenguet is here to follow 现在是七月,野生动物摄影师Vianet Djenguet也来了
the progress of one of the rarest babies in the wild. 野外最稀有的婴儿之一的成长.
One of possibly only 50. 可能只有50个.
He is tracking her family with the help of Dr Martha Robbins, 他在玛莎·罗宾斯医生的帮助下追踪她的家人,
of the Max Planck Institute, 马克斯·普朗克研究所的,
who has been unlocking the secrets of this forest 是谁解开了这片森林的秘密
for more than 20 years. 20多年了.
Their tracks lead to a unique habitat in its heart 它们的足迹在它的心脏找到了一个独特的栖息地
a swamp. 沼泽地.
The family are Bwindi mountain gorillas. 这家人是布温迪山大猩猩.
I just spotted Nyakabara. 我刚发现尼亚卡巴拉.
One-year-old Nyakabara has a bracelet of white fur, 一岁的尼亚卡巴拉有一个白色毛皮手镯,
never seen before in mountain gorillas. 从来没见过山地大猩猩.
who protects this group of 13. 谁来保护这13人.
They are so closely related to us that Vianet must wear a mask 它们与我们的关系如此密切,Vianet必须戴上面具
to prevent the spread of any human diseases. 防止任何人类疾病的传播.
She's just,like,piggybacking on her mother's back. 她就好像背着她妈妈.
At 7.5kg,Nyakabara is more than three times her birth weight. 尼亚卡巴拉身高7.5公斤,是出生体重的三倍多.
As an infant,she spent her first few months 她还是个婴儿的时候,头几个月都是她度过的
just sleeping and suckling, 只是睡觉和哺乳,
attached to her mother, 依恋着她母亲,
and absolutely helpless. 完全无助.
Now,she's alert,active, 现在,她很警觉,很活跃,
and can ride on her mother's back to see what's going on. 可以骑在她妈妈的背上看看发生了什么.
Vianet is here to see if,as a one-year-old,she's developing Vianet来这里是想看看,作为一岁的孩子,她是否正在发育
the vital skills to forage for herself. 为自己寻找食物的重要技能.
But it's not going to happen in the swamp. 但这不会发生在沼泽地.
The food here is for experts only 这里的食物是专为专家准备的
thistles. 蓟.
I'm being very careful with how I hold it cos it's covered in spines, 我很小心我拿着它因为它长满了刺,
but the gorillas love this. 但是大猩猩喜欢这个.
It's very high in protein Right. 它的蛋白质含量很高,对吧.
and there's not very much of it in Bwindi.Oh 在布温迪也没有很多.哦
But the way they eat it's amazing, 但是他们吃东西的方式很神奇,
cos they take their hands and they just 因为他们握着他们的手
go all the way up to get the leaves,and then they fold it a bit 一直往上拿树叶,然后他们把它折了一点
and they put it in their mouth.Wow. 他们把它放进嘴里.真 的.
But even if you watch them chew, 但即使你看着它们咀嚼,
they're kind of chewing like this 他们像这样咀嚼
And so I think it's a little bit painful for them to eat! 所以我觉得他们吃东西有点痛苦！
The nutrients thistles provide 蓟提供的营养
mean it's worth the effort and discomfort. 意味着这是值得的努力和不适.
But the gorillas only make the trip to the swamp once a month. 但是大猩猩每个月只去沼泽一次.
Nyakabara won't be capable of this level of manual dexterity 尼亚卡巴拉不会有这种水平的手动灵巧
for another three years. 再过三年.
But Vianet wants to see if she can master the more basic techniques 但Vianet想看看她是否能掌握更基本的技术
of food manipulation. 食物操纵.
And that's something she learns by watching her mother handling 这是她通过观察她母亲的行为所学到的
around 100 different food plants. 大约100种不同的食品厂.
At around eight months of age, 八个月大的时候,
mothers become less protective of their babies,and,increasingly, 母亲对孩子的保护越来越少,
let them work out how to do things for themselves. 让他们自己解决如何为自己做事.
Woody vines are an abundant food plant in the forest, 木本藤本植物是森林中丰富的食用植物,
and gorillas like to eat the pith inside. 大猩猩喜欢吃里面的髓.
Nyakabara learns by observation,not instinct. 尼亚卡巴拉靠观察而不是直觉学习.
She has to find a way to get the same results for herself 她必须想办法让自己得到同样的结果
by trial and error. 反复试验.
Look at that,look at that. 看看那个,看看那个.
I wasn't expecting this. 我没想到会这样.
She's trying to strip the bark. 她想剥树皮.
This is actually the first time I've seen her doing this. 其实这是我第一次看到她这么做.
That is a moment! 那是一个时刻！
A milestone 里程碑
in Nyakabara's life. 在尼亚卡巴拉的生活中.
Nyakabara has the basics covered. 尼亚卡巴拉有基本知识.
But the real challenge of growing up in the Bwindi 但在布温迪长大的真正挑战
are the trees. 是那些树.
There are more than 200 species here, 这里有200多个物种,
and many bear highly nutritious fruit. 很多都结出营养价值很高的水果.
Bwindi mountain gorillas are unique in that they spend several hours, Bwindi山地大猩猩的独特之处在于它们要花几个小时,
every day,high up in the trees,foraging for this fruit. 每天,在高高的树上,寻找这种水果.
But combining climbing skills with foraging techniques places 但结合攀岩技巧和觅食技巧
huge demands on a one-year-old's dexterity,balance and coordination. 对一岁孩子的灵巧、平衡和协调能力有很大的要求.
At just two months old,Nyakabara and her mother fell from a tree. 两个月大的时候,尼亚卡巴拉和妈妈从树上摔下来.
And falls are one reason why only two thirds of infants survive. 跌倒是仅有三分之二的婴儿存活的原因之一.
By eight months old,she started to climb for herself, 八个月大的时候,她开始自己爬,
but was very shaky and kept under close control by her mother. 但她很不稳定,被她母亲紧紧地控制着.
Now,as a one-year-old,her mother gives her free rein to explore. 现在,她一岁大的时候,妈妈给了她自由探索的空间.
Nyakabara's next challenge 尼亚卡巴拉的下一个挑战
is to combine her climbing and foraging skills. 把她的攀岩和觅食技能结合起来.
She literally climbed that tree. 她真的爬上了那棵树.
We're talking about five metres tall,that tree. 我们说的是五米高的那棵树.
Away from her mother 远离她母亲
just on her own, 就靠她自己,
exploring her little world. 探索她的小世界.
Oh,man ! 哦,伙计！
Oh! 哦！
Look at that ! 看看那个！
Hanging on with one arm, 一只手抓住,
Nyakabara has to try and bring the fruit to her for inspection. 尼亚卡巴拉必须设法把水果带给她检查.
A sniff tells her that this one is not quite right. 她嗅了嗅,觉得这个不太对劲.
But African star apples have just come into fruit, 但非洲之星苹果刚刚结出果实,
and make the perfect snack. 做个完美的零食.
This is 这是
This is exactly what I was expecting 这正是我所期待的
Look! Chest beating,as well! 看！胸部也在跳动！
Brilliant! 太棒了！
That is just saying,"I'm one-year-old now.Right now." 那就是说,“我现在一岁了.现在.”
"I've reached my first year “我已经到了我的第一年
" on Earth." “在地球上.”
It will take three years before this precious baby 要三年才能得到这个宝贝
can survive here on her own. 她自己能在这里生存.
But,over the next 12 months,she will hopefully perfect the skills 但是,在接下来的12个月里,她将有望完善这些技能
required to move freely 需要自由移动
and confidently 30 metres above the ground, 自信地离地30米,
between the trees of the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. 在Bwindi密林的树木之间.
8,500km away,at the edge of the Arctic 8500公里外,北极边缘
the Hornstrandir peninsula is the most remote corner of Iceland. 霍恩斯特兰迪尔半岛是冰岛最偏远的角落.
It's September. 现在是九月.
Colder weather is taking over from the short summer months. 较冷的天气正在取代夏季的短暂月份.
In just a few weeks,this valley could be blanketed by snow and ice 再过几个星期,这个山谷就会被冰雪覆盖
as the long,desolate winter returns. 当漫长而荒凉的冬天回来时.
Fela is the only white Arctic fox cub in the litter of eight. 菲拉是八胎中唯一的一只白色北极狐幼崽.
At just four months old,he's almost adult size. 四个月大的时候,他差不多是成年人了.
But he is not an adult yet, 但他还没成年,
he still relies on his parents for food. 他仍然依靠父母吃饭.
Autumn is the cut-off time when cubs must learn to get the food they need 秋季是幼崽必须学会获取所需食物的截止时间
to survive their first winter. 为了度过第一个冬天.
Wildlife cameraman Colin Stafford-Johnson is here to see 野生动物摄影师科林·斯塔福德·约翰逊来这里观看
if Fela has the resourcefulness to come through this crucial period. 如果Fela有足够的能力来度过这一关键时期.
He purposely came downwind of me 他故意瞒着我
so he could give me a really good sniff to see who I was, 所以他可以给我一个很好的嗅闻,看看我是谁,
and he seemed happy enough. 他看起来很开心.
At around 3kg,Fela is healthy and starting to grow 在3公斤左右,费拉是健康的,并开始增长
the thick fur he needs to survive sub-zero winter temperatures. 他需要的厚厚的毛皮能在零下的冬天生存.
He was born with acute senses of sight,hearing and smell. 他生来就有敏锐的视觉、听觉和嗅觉.
They are all focused towards the moments his parents return 他们都把注意力集中在他父母回来的那一刻
from the hunt with a meal. 从狩猎带饭回来.
But,at this time of year,food is in short supply. 但是,每年的这个时候,食物供应不足.
Back in the summer,breeding sea birds provided the only food 早在夏天,繁殖的海鸟提供了唯一的食物
for Fela's family. 为了费拉的家人.
But there is never enough to support a whole litter, 但从来没有足够的食物来支撑一整堆垃圾,
and competition between the cubs was intense. 幼崽之间的竞争非常激烈.
Arctic fox cubs generally only have a 50% chance of survival. 北极狐幼仔一般只有50%的存活几率.
I'm seeing the same animals again and again, 我一次又一次看到同样的动物,
I'm really pretty convinced,at this stage, 我非常确信,在这个阶段,
that there are only four youngsters left. 只剩下四个年轻人了.
I hoped that a few more might make it through. 我希望再有几个能挺过去.
Both parents have been working themselves to the bone all summer, 父母俩整个夏天都在拼命工作,
rushing around this valley,supplying food as much as 在山谷里四处奔波,提供食物
they could - but the food is coming to an end and they have to 他们可以-但是食物快要结束了,他们必须这样做
look after themselves.They have to put on enough weight to condition, 照顾好自己.他们必须增加足够的体重,
to get through the winter. 度过冬天.
The white mother of the cubs has found a sea bird. 幼崽的白色母亲发现了一只海鸟.
Now she has to decide whether she will keep providing for her young. 现在她必须决定是否继续供养她的孩子.
A black cub rushes to be fed. 一只黑色的幼崽急忙去喂食.
Fela's spotted her too. 费拉也发现了她.
The dark cub begs 黑暗的幼崽乞求
but the vixen is keeping this bird to herself. 但是毒蛇把这只鸟藏起来了.
Fela flicks his tail,and also calls to demand food. 费拉摇了摇尾巴,还打电话要食物.
But he too is rejected. 但他也被拒绝了.
The vixen leaves behind her hungry cubs. 毒蛇留下了饥饿的幼崽.
This is a turning point in Fela's life. 这是费拉人生的转折点.
He now has to find his own food if he's going to survive. 如果他想活下来,他现在必须自己找食物.
This is a really dangerous time now for these young animals. 对这些小动物来说,现在是非常危险的时刻.
Only the smartest and the most resourceful are now 现在只有最聪明最足智多谋的人才
going to make it through. 会挺过去的.
Each morning,Colin looks for any sign that Fela is developing 每天早上,科林都在寻找Fela正在发育的迹象
the skills to find food for himself. 为自己寻找食物的技能.
Now the breeding sea birds have gone,Fela must learn 现在繁殖的海鸟都不见了,费拉必须学会
to search out alternative foods. 寻找替代食物.
But these are things he may never have tasted before. 但这些东西他可能从来没有尝过.
So he needs to explore everything within this landscape. 所以他需要探索这片土地上的一切.
He found something to play with. 他找到了可以玩的东西.
He's still acting like a puppy. 他还是像只小狗.
Fela is now 40 times his birth weight, 费拉现在是他出生体重的40倍,
and must concentrate on finding the 500 calories he needs a day. 必须集中精力寻找他每天所需的500卡路里.
The quicker he realises he's now on his own 他越快意识到自己现在是自己一个人了
and fully independent,the better. 完全独立,更好.
The first snowfalls have arrived on the hilltops already, 第一场雪已经降临山顶,
it's a real sign of things to come, 这是一个即将到来的迹象,
and it's a real reminder of how little time Fela has. 这真的提醒我们费拉的时间太少了.
Winter winds can top nearly 200km an hour, 冬季的风速可以达到每小时200公里,
and temperatures can drop to 20 below. 温度可以降到20度以下.
He's so alert to everything,every little movement! 他对每件事,每一个小动作都很警觉！
He looks to be 他看起来是的
searching the rocks for 在岩石中寻找
I think,spiders. 我想,蜘蛛.
Fela's instincts are kicking in. 费拉的本能在起作用.
I really came here to witness the early days of Fela's independence, 我真的是来见证费拉独立的初期,
and that's exactly what I'm seeing right now. 这正是我现在看到的.
Of course,you think,"Well,a spider - it's not exactly like 当然,你会想,“好吧,一只蜘蛛——它不像
"eating a sea bird or something." “吃海鸟什么的.”
But they're full of energy. 但他们充满活力.
Full of nutrition. 营养丰富.
And,if he gets enough of them,it'll be plenty to sustain him. 而且,如果他够多的话,就足够支撑他了.
In the remaining days of autumn, 在秋天剩下的日子里,
Fela will eat as much as he can to build up his fat reserves. 费拉会尽可能多的吃来增加他的脂肪储备.
It's amazing how in just a short time he's 他在很短的时间内
gone from that sort of little ball of fluff that first emerged 从最初出现的那种绒毛球中消失了
above the ground to the resourceful,boisterous,bold character 从地上到足智多谋,喧闹,大胆的性格
that he's become. 他变成了.
He'll get through into next spring, 他会撑到明年春天,
and then it will be time to find a mate of his own. 然后是时候找到自己的伴侣了.
And,hopefully,these valleys will resound to his calls 希望这些山谷会回响他的呼唤
in the years to come. 在未来的岁月里.
I think there's a good chance they will. 我认为他们很有可能.
It's June on the tropical island of Sri Lanka. 六月,斯里兰卡的热带岛屿.
In a northern province,lies the bustling town of Polonnaruwa. 波隆纳鲁瓦（Polonnaruwa）是一个北部省份,熙熙攘攘.
And,at its heart,the ruins of the island's ancient capital. 它的核心是岛上古都的废墟.
A sanctuary that is home to over 1,000 endangered toque macaques. 这是一个保护区,有超过1000只濒危的猕猴.
Wildlife camerawoman Sue Gibson is following 野生动物摄影师Sue Gibson正在跟踪
a very high-ranking infant within one of the troops here. 一个很高级别的婴儿在这里的一个部队.
A year ago,Sue filmed the alpha female's newborn son,Jazir, 一年前,苏拍摄了女主角的新生儿子贾齐尔,
on his first day. 在他的第一天.
This is pretty unreal,actually. 实际上,这很不真实.
I get treated with a little baby boy who's just a few hours old. 我和一个只有几个小时大的小男孩在一起.
Now at 12 months,Jazir is triple his birth weight, 现在12个月大了,贾齐尔的体重是出生时的三倍,
around 1.5kg. 大约1.5公斤.
Crikey,I really didn't expect him to be 天哪,我真没想到他会这样
so different.He really does look quite a lot bigger. 太不一样了.他看起来确实大了很多.
He looks really healthy. 他看起来很健康.
Jazir has grown faster than other babies in the troop, Jazir比部队里其他孩子长得快,
thanks to his alpha mother. 多亏了他的母亲.
As top ranking female,she gets priority access to food, 作为顶级女性,她优先获得食物,
and can provide the richest milk. 能提供最丰富的牛奶.
Sue is working with Dr Wolfgang Dittus Sue和Wolfgang Dittus医生一起工作
from the Smithsonian Institute. 史密森学会的.
For almost half a century, 近半个世纪以来,
he has studied how rank affects success in toque macaques. 他研究了等级如何影响猕猴的成功.
So,being the son of an alpha female has,you know,been, 所以,作为一个女强人的儿子,
really good for him up until now,but the future's still uncertain. 到现在为止对他很好,但未来仍然不确定.
He's done well - thanks to his mum - to get this far,but now 多亏了他妈妈,他做得很好,但是现在
it's going to be progressively more his own ability to find food, 他自己找食物的能力会越来越强,
his fighting ability,getting others to help him and helping others. 他的战斗能力,让别人帮助他,帮助别人.
All those political skills have yet to be learned by Jazir. 所有这些政治技巧都有待贾齐尔学习.
Sue is already witnessing Jazir moving away from his mum, Sue已经看到Jazir离开他妈妈了,
and feeding by himself. 独自进食.
This is great.Jazir foraging on his own - on bugs and berries 这太棒了.贾齐尔靠自己觅食——吃虫子和浆果
and all those insects. 还有那些昆虫.
And that is a really important step. 这是非常重要的一步.
He is learning to use his bigger size to outmuscle 他正在学着用他的大块头来锻炼肌肉
his smaller,lower ranking peers. 他的小个子,低级别的同龄人.
Giving him the time to discover which food is best, 给他时间去发现哪种食物是最好的,
and where to find it. 在哪里找到它.
Other frustrated infants must wait their turn, 其他受挫的婴儿必须等待轮到他们,
as Jazir crams extra into his cheek pouches for later. 当贾齐尔把多余的东西塞进他的面颊袋里以后.
In macaque troops,frustration can build into tension 在猕猴部队中,挫折感会导致紧张
and tension can boil over into fights. 紧张会演变成打架.
They have got some nasty canines. 他们有一些讨厌的狗.
And they are ONLY for inflicting pain, 它们只是为了制造痛苦,
and not to help with eating. 而不是帮助吃饭.
Badly wounded macaques can drop down the pecking order 受重伤的猕猴可以降低啄食顺序
or even die. 甚至死亡.
It's important Jazir watches older males to learn how to read Jazir看着年长的雄性学会如何阅读是很重要的
these potentially dangerous encounters to avoid getting hurt. 这些潜在的危险遭遇是为了避免受伤.
Exaggerated brow movements are used to encourage friendly contact. 夸张的眉毛动作被用来鼓励友好接触.
But tree shaking by the alpha male tells others 但是雄性大白鲨在树上晃动告诉其他人
they need to keep their distance. 他们需要保持距离.
That's really interesting. 那真的很有趣.
That is a definite moment I've not seen before. 那是我以前从未见过的明确时刻.
Jazir jumping up and down on a branch 贾齐尔在树枝上跳来跳去
like a lot of the dominant males do. 就像很多占主导地位的男性一样.
That's a sign of power and showing your authority. 这是权力的象征,显示了你的权威.
And it's certainly good to see him going through those motions 看到他做这些动作真是太好了
because it's something that he'll be using in the years to come. 因为这是他未来几年会用到的东西.
Jazir is practising skills that could enforce his strength 贾齐尔正在练习可以增强他的力量的技巧
and power amongst his peers. 以及他的同龄人中的权力.
But he still needs to learn the final and most difficult lesson 但他仍然需要吸取最后也是最困难的一课
diplomacy. 外交.
He's got a long way to go yet. 他还有很长的路要走.
He really does need to become socially independent of his mother, 他真的需要在社交上独立于母亲,
meaning that he needs to form 意味着他需要形成
alliances with older males,especially. 尤其是与年长男性结盟.
Like all males, 像所有男性一样,
Jazir must leave his family in just a few years' time 贾齐尔必须在几年后离开他的家人
to join another troop. 加入另一支队伍.
And that means emigrating to the hustle and bustle 这意味着移民到熙熙攘攘的地方
of the urban sprawl. 城市扩张.
I mean,this is Jazir's future. 我是说,这是贾兹的未来.
He's going to be growing up in a human-dominated world. 他将在一个人类主宰的世界里成长.
He is going to have to leave the tranquillity and the sanctuary 他将不得不离开宁静和庇护所
of the temples. 在寺庙里.
And form - or join - another troop outside of there, 在外面组建或加入另一支军队,
and in this 在这件事上
what feels,very chaotic environment. 什么感觉,非常混乱的环境.
Life is tough outside the ruins, 废墟外的生活很艰难,
as monkeys must steal and raid from humans. 因为猴子必须从人类那里偷窃和袭击.
Often seen as pests,they can be chased off or attacked. 通常被视为害虫,它们可以被赶走或攻击.
These monkeys are taking massive risks. 这些猴子冒着巨大的风险.
A third of young males don't survive this dangerous transition. 三分之一的年轻男性无法在这种危险的转变中生存下来.
But,by working with other males, 但是,通过与其他男性合作,
Jazir can improve his chances of joining and thriving Jazir可以增加他加入公司并发展壮大的机会
within a new group. 在一个新的群体中.
What I really want to see is him forging those new relationships 我真正想看到的是他建立起那些新的关系
and allies with other members of the troop. 以及与部队其他成员的同盟.
Because,in a few years,when he leaves,those relationships 因为,几年后,当他离开时,那些关系
are going to be vital for his survival. 对他的生存至关重要.
As the days pass 日子一天天过去
Jazir shows a softer side to his character. 贾齐尔表现出了他性格中温和的一面.
It feels like when he's with his peers and others the same age, 感觉他和同龄人和同龄人在一起,
or even,like,the slightly older males 或者,比如说,稍微年长一点的雄性
there's a bit of a different vibe. 有点不同的感觉.
Jazir has joined a huddle,and is grooming an older male. 贾齐尔加入了一个团队,正在为一个年长的男性梳洗.
This is the way male macaques nurture new friendships. 这就是雄性猕猴培育新友谊的方式.
Taking time to build close ties now means Jazir is more likely 现在花时间建立密切关系意味着贾齐尔更有可能
to get support later,when it counts. 在重要的时候得到支持.
This is great,this is really what I was hoping to see. 太棒了,这真是我希望看到的.
This intimacy between Jazir and the other male macaques is real proof 贾齐尔和其他雄性猕猴之间的亲密关系就是真正的证据
that he's building those essential bonds. 他在建立那些基本的联系.
It's a huge step forward. 这是一个巨大的进步.
The chances of becoming an alpha male are slim. 成为大男人的可能性很小.
But the skills Jazir is mastering now will give him the best shot 但贾齐尔现在掌握的技能将给他最好的机会
at ruling his own troop within Polonnaruwa's ancient kingdom. 在波隆纳鲁瓦的古代王国统治自己的军队.
Some animal babies are born with an ally 有些动物出生时就有一个盟友
who can help them through times of change. 谁能帮助他们度过难关.
The vast Mara-Serengeti ecosystem. 广阔的马拉塞伦盖蒂生态系统.
25,000 square kilometres of grassland. 25000平方公里的草地.
It's late August,and the great migration has arrived 8月下旬,大迁徙已经到来
1.5 million wildebeest. 150万只角马.
This is peak hunting time 现在是寻峰时间
for Africa's most successful land predator 非洲最成功的陆地掠食者
the spotted hyena. 斑点鬣狗.
Spotted hyena clans are ruled by the larger,more aggressive 斑点鬣狗家族由更大、更具侵略性的家族统治
adult females,with a queen at the top. 成年雌性,顶部有一个蜂王.
In this clan of 60,the second adult in command is Soup. 在这个60多岁的家族中,第二个当家的是汤.
Bisque and Chowder are her twin daughters. 比斯克和杂烩是她的双胞胎女儿.
They are now 11 months old. 他们现在11个月大了.
Since birth,the sisters have relied on the protection of their mother 从出生起,姐妹俩就一直依靠母亲的保护
and the safety of the den. 以及巢穴的安全.
Now,approaching the end of their first year, 现在,他们的第一年快结束了,
they've grown to 25kg 它们已经长到25公斤了
almost half adult size. 差不多是成人尺寸的一半.
At this stage in their development, 在他们发展的这个阶段,
they must learn the skills to survive out on the savannah 他们必须学会在大草原上生存的技能
where they will explore beyond the den and their mother. 在那里他们将探索洞穴和他们的母亲.
Vianet is tracking the cubs during this critical time, Vianet在这个关键时刻跟踪幼崽,
as they learn to identify opportunity from danger. 当他们学会从危险中辨别机会.
They've grown up really big. 他们已经长大成人了.
Let me see 我想一下
They look completely different to what I left four months ago. 它们看起来和我四个月前留下的完全不同.
Vianet is working with Michigan State University scientists. Vianet正在与密歇根州立大学的科学家合作.
They've studied hyenas here for over 30 years,and know 他们在这里研究鬣狗已经30多年了
what dangers the sisters will face. 姐妹俩将面临怎样的危险.
Lions are definitely the main threat to hyenas. 狮子绝对是鬣狗的主要威胁.
They are competitors,they're all going after the same prey together. 他们是竞争对手,他们一起追逐同一个猎物.
Here - lions will actually scavenge from hyenas slightly more often 在这里-狮子实际上会更频繁地从鬣狗身上觅食
than hyenas will scavenge from lions. 鬣狗会从狮子身上觅食.
And,also,because they are competitors,they find cubs, 而且,因为它们是竞争对手,所以它们会找到幼崽,
find hyena cubs,they will kill hyena cubs. 找到土狼幼崽,他们会杀死土狼幼崽.
Only half of hyena cubs will survive to their first birthday. 只有一半的土狼幼崽能活到一岁生日.
Bisque and Chowder must learn to spot and avoid lions 比斯克和杂烩必须学会发现和避开狮子
if they are to make it through. 如果他们能挺过去.
At this age,the sisters spend less time at the den. 到了这个年纪,姐妹俩在书房里呆的时间少了.
They have started to explore on their own. 他们已经开始自己探索.
Their territory stretches over 3,000 hectares, 他们的领土超过3000公顷,
and it takes Vianet hours to find them. Vianet花了几个小时才找到它们.
This is a really exciting moment because it's time to 这是一个非常激动人心的时刻,因为是时候
move away from the mother. 离开母亲.
Exploring 探索
their environment. 他们的环境.
It's great. 太棒了.
Bisque and Chowder's highly tuned senses are vital Bisque和Chowder高度协调的感官至关重要
to surviving this new world. 为了生存在这个新世界.
Sight is their primary tool when hunting. 视觉是他们狩猎时的主要工具.
Scent is vital in identifying whether they have strayed 气味对于辨别它们是否迷路至关重要
into a rival clan's territory. 进入敌对部落的领地.
And they can hear hyena calls from 5km away 他们能听到5公里外鬣狗的叫声
enabling them to hone in on kills. 让他们能在杀戮中磨练.
I think I've heard a call 我想我听到一个电话
at there. 在那里.
Hyenas will call in others to protect the carcass 鬣狗会叫其他人来保护尸体
from rival clans or lions. 来自敌对的氏族或狮子.
But since an adult can consume 15 kilos at a time, 但是因为一个成年人一次可以吃15公斤,
Bisque and Chowder may not find much of it left. 比斯克和杂烩可能发现剩下的不多了.
Another cub has found part of a kill. 另一只幼崽发现了猎物的一部分.
And Bisque moves in to make a challenge for it. 比斯克也来挑战一下.
Chowder joins the fight. Chowder加入了战斗.
So now both sisters can chase off the others 所以现在两姐妹都可以赶走其他人了
to keep hold of this meal. 为了保住这顿饭.
This is the first time I've seen this, 这是我第一次看到这个,
trying to crunch food,the bone. 试着把食物,骨头压碎.
They're becoming carnivore,for sure. 它们肯定会变成食肉动物.
Adult hyenas have reinforced,oversized teeth 成年鬣狗有强化的,超大的牙齿
and a crushing bite to pulverise bones. 咬得粉碎骨头.
The sisters need four years to develop this phenomenal weaponry, 姐妹俩需要四年的时间来研制这种非凡的武器,
and must practice at every opportunity. 必须抓住一切机会练习.
But feeding alone,they are at their most vulnerable to predators. 但单独进食,它们最容易受到捕食者的攻击.
They're so young. 他们太年轻了.
They're not quite clear yet what danger is out there. 他们还不太清楚外面有什么危险.
They can't see what Vianet can. 他们看不到Vianet能做什么.
Just by this tree here 就在这棵树旁边
the big,male lion. 大公狮子.
With their heads down,focused only on feeding, 低着头,只专注于喂食,
Bisque and Chowder are exposed. 肉馅和杂烩露在外面.
Might be trouble here. 可能会有麻烦.
Oh oh 哦哦哦
Right at that moment when the lion was approaching, 就在狮子靠近的那一刻,
my heart was just pounding! 我的心怦怦直跳！
Thinking it might come close and just maybe kill one of those cubs. 我想它可能会很快就杀了其中一只幼崽.
This is what they are exposed to. 这就是他们所接触到的.
It's a threat they will have to learn to live with day by day. 这是一种威胁,他们必须学会一天一天地面对.
But,in their first year,the twins have grown faster and bigger 但是,在他们出生的第一年里,这对双胞胎长得越来越快
than all the other cubs in the clan. 比家族里所有的幼崽都要好.
If they continue to look out for each other,then the signs are 如果他们继续互相照顾,那么迹象是
they will thrive here in the Maasai Mara. 它们将在马赛马拉繁衍生息.
On California's rugged coast,another animal baby must overcome 在加利福尼亚崎岖不平的海岸上,另一个动物宝宝必须克服
the challenges of the busy,human world. 繁忙的人类世界的挑战.
The town of Monterey is one of the USA's top fishing ports, 蒙特利镇是美国最大的渔港之一,
and lands 10,000 tonnes of seafood from the Pacific Ocean every year. 每年从太平洋登陆1万吨海产品.
Seafood is also in demand by southern sea otters living 海鲜也是生活在南部海獭的需求
along this stretch of coastline. 沿着这段海岸线.
Once hunted to the edge of extinction, 一旦被猎杀到灭绝的边缘,
they now number just over 3,000. 现在只有3000多人.
Sea otters are one of the few animals to master tool use 海獭是少数掌握工具使用的动物之一
smashing open molluscs and shellfish on rocks 在岩石上砸开软体动物和贝类
they bring up to the surface. 它们浮到水面上.
It's a complex lesson for any pup to master. 这对任何一只小狗来说都是一门复杂的课程.
But to survive 但是为了生存
they have to crack it. 他们必须破解它.
It's April,and Colin is in Monterey following Limpet 现在是四月,科林跟着林贝特在蒙特利
a five-month-old pup who is fast getting close to independence. 一只五个月大的小狗,很快就要独立了.
Limpet must master tool use soon, 帽贝必须尽快掌握工具的使用,
because he'll have to leave his mother in a matter of weeks. 因为他几周后就要离开他母亲了.
He has grown a lot! 他长大了很多！
He's certainly looking much bigger and bolder. 他看起来更大更大胆了.
Limpet now weighs 11kg,five times his birth weight. Limpet现在重11公斤,是他出生时体重的5倍.
Newborn sea otters can't dive or swim. 新生的海獭不能潜水或游泳.
For his first few weeks,Limpet either floated on the surface 在最初的几个星期里,利贝特要么浮在水面上
or was towed around on his mother 或者被拖到他妈妈身边
building an intense one-to-one bond. 建立一对一的紧密联系.
Male pups have a tendency to rely more heavily on their mothers 雄性幼崽倾向于更加依赖它们的母亲
but that bond will have to break. 但这种联系必须打破.
Limpet is still feeding on her milk 利贝特还在吃牛奶
but she is rolling to discourage him. 但她却在劝阻他.
If she finds him too demanding, 如果她觉得他要求太高,
she could now enforce weaning and abandon him, 她现在可以强制断奶并抛弃他,
sooner rather than later, 早不宜迟,
leaving him unprepared. 让他毫无准备.
Only half of sea otter pups make it through their first year. 只有一半的海獭幼崽能度过第一年.
They always live on the edge, 他们总是生活在边缘,
and that's the thing about sea otters around here. 这就是这里海獭的特点.
They're in a resource limited population where their food 他们生活在资源有限的人口中
is often hard to come by. 通常很难得到.
Michelle Steadler of Monterey Bay Aquarium 蒙特利湾水族馆的Michelle Steadler
has studied the otters here for 30 years, 在这里研究水獭30年了,
and understands the intense pressure that the mothers are under. 并理解母亲们所承受的巨大压力.
They're still lactating - that takes a lot of energy. 他们还在哺乳-这需要很多能量.
And then they're also giving the pup a third of the prey items, 然后他们还会给小狗三分之一的猎物,
or the food items,that they bring up from the bottom. 或者他们从底部带上来的食物.
And so they're constantly giving,giving to the pup, 所以他们不断地给予,给小狗,
and they get skinnier and skinnier as time goes on. 随着时间的推移,他们变得越来越瘦.
So it's a big draw on their energy resources. 所以这对他们的能源资源有很大的吸引力.
But his next meal is delivered by Mum again 但他的下一顿饭又是妈妈送的
a large burrowing marine worm she dug up in the seabed. 她在海床上挖出的一种巨大的海生穴居虫.
Yeah,every time she brings something up, 是啊,每次她提起什么事,
he's going and grabbing it from her. 他要从她手里抢过来.
He should now be hunting by himself. 他现在应该自己打猎了.
Limpet must reduce his demands on his mother 林贝特必须减少对母亲的要求
by learning to bring food up. 通过学习如何把食物带上来.
Because,right now,she has to find twice the amount of food 因为,现在,她必须找到两倍的食物
she needs for herself. 她需要自己.
But there might be some hope. 但还是有希望的.
April is squid season. 四月是鱿鱼的季节.
Millions of opalescens squid come to spawn on the seabed here. 数以百万计的乳白色鱿鱼来到这里的海底产卵.
A massive seasonal boost for the otters, 对水獭来说是一个巨大的季节性刺激,
and also for fishing fleets that work 24 hours a day. 也适用于一天24小时工作的捕鱼船队.
This should be easy prey for Limpet to practise on. 这应该是Limpet很容易练习的猎物.
Oop,oh ! 哦,哦！
Oh,look! 哦,看！
Finally,Limpet lands a catch. 最后,林贝特钓到了一条鱼.
That really proves he's getting someplace. 这真的证明了他会有所收获.
But squid spawning only lasts two weeks. 但鱿鱼产卵只持续两周.
These easy pickings will soon vanish. 这些容易采摘的东西很快就会消失.
To really succeed,Limpet must learn how to find and open shellfish. 要想真正成功,Limpet必须学会如何找到并打开贝类.
A complex procedure that his mother seemingly performs with ease. 一个复杂的手术,他的母亲似乎能轻松地完成.
He's been watching his mum over the months,watching her 几个月来他一直看着他妈妈,看着她
manipulate all those shellfish,and that's what I want to see him do. 操纵所有的贝类,这就是我想看到他做的.
I want to see him dive down to get something,bring it up, 我想看到他俯冲下去拿东西,拿起来,
and actually open it up and eat it. 把它打开吃.
Because that's 因为那是
that will really mean that he's ready. 那就意味着他准备好了.
To master tool use,a pup first needs to identify a tool. 要掌握工具的使用,小狗首先需要识别工具.
Sea otters scour the seabed for a suitable stone - or anvil - 海獭在海底搜寻合适的石头或铁砧-
which they store in a pocket of skin under their arm. 他们把它藏在胳膊下的皮肤口袋里.
Then,once they find a mollusc to open,they bring both 然后,一旦他们找到一个软体动物打开,他们把两者都带来
to the surface,rest the rock on their belly, 把石头放在他们的肚子上,
and begin bashing. 然后开始猛击.
It takes a great deal of manipulation,coordination, 这需要大量的操纵,协调,
force and energy to get to the protein-rich and fatty contents. 使蛋白质和脂肪含量达到丰富的力量和能量.
Something Limpet has to get to grips with,in the next few days, 在接下来的几天里,林贝特必须处理好一些事情,
to prevent his mother leaving him too soon. 为了防止他妈妈过早离开他.
After a couple of days,Limpet surfaces with a stone. 几天后,Limpet露出了一块石头.
A tool. 一种工具.
That's great. 太好了.
Wonderful. 精彩的.
All he needs is something to open. 他需要的只是打开一些东西.
He's got it! 他搞定了！
A mussel. 贻贝.
Good job! 干得好！
Success.Look - he's got it open. 成功.看-他打开了.
That's a really important thing to see. 这是一件非常重要的事情.
Fantastic. 好极了.
And he's not just,you know,copying his mum any more. 他不仅仅是,你知道,模仿他妈妈了.
He's not just sort of going through the motions. 他不仅仅是在敷衍了事.
He's actually making his own decisions, 他实际上是在自己做决定,
so he really has nailed it. 所以他真的成功了.
Limpet has reached a fundamental milestone for a sea otter pup - 对于海獭幼崽来说,帽贝已经达到了一个重要的里程碑-
tool use. 工具使用.
Not only has he unlocked access to a whole host of prey items 他不仅打开了一大堆猎物的通道
in the marine environment,but,by taking some of the pressure 在海洋环境中,但是,通过承受一些压力
to find food off his mother, 从他母亲那里找到食物,
he has bought himself valuable time with her. 他为自己赢得了和她在一起的宝贵时间.
He will have a few more weeks in her care and protection 他还有几个星期的时间来照顾和保护她
to practise essential life skills 练习基本生活技能
before he embarks on life without her. 在他开始没有她的生活之前.
Then he'll join other newly weaned pups to start a new adventure 然后他会和其他刚断奶的小狗一起开始新的冒险
on the coast of California. 在加利福尼亚海岸.
The bonds between some babies and their mothers 一些婴儿和他们母亲之间的联系
will last an entire lifetime. 会持续一辈子.
It's October in Samburu, 现在是桑布鲁的十月,
the end of the dry season. 旱季的结束.
After five months of baking heat, 经过五个月的高温烘烤,
all life is desperate for the rains. 所有的生命都渴望下雨.
Baby African elephant Safina is one year old. 非洲象宝宝萨芬娜一岁.
This is her first dry season. 这是她的第一个旱季.
Her mother,Cyclone,is the single-tusked matriarch of this herd 她的母亲,旋风,是这群人中唯一长着獠牙的女族长
of three mothers and their young. 三个母亲和她们的孩子.
Each adult needs around 100kg of food each day, 每个成年人每天需要大约100公斤的食物,
and they will travel around 15km to find it. 他们要走15公里才能找到它.
But,during drought,mothers can struggle to provide enough milk. 但是,在干旱期间,母亲们很难提供足够的牛奶.
Safina must master her trunk if she's to tackle all the different 萨芬娜要想应付所有不同的情况,就必须掌握好她的后备箱
foods she needs to survive throughout the year. 她一整年都需要的食物.
Sue is following Safina to see if she can learn the skills to adapt 苏正在跟踪萨芬娜,看她能否学会适应的技能
when resources are limited. 当资源有限时.
During the dry season, 在旱季,
I'd like to see how much more she's learning from the herd 我想看看她从群众那里学到了多少东西
and one of the things I'm looking out for is how she uses her trunk. 我想知道的一件事是她如何使用她的后备箱.
A baby elephant cannot properly feed or drink 小象不能正常进食或饮水
without mastering its trunk. 没有掌握它的躯干.
As a newborn,Safina had very little control of her trunk 作为一个新生儿,萨芬娜几乎无法控制自己的躯干
but was able to use it to express bonds of friendship. 但却能用它来表达友谊的纽带.
As matriarch,Cyclone decides where the herd feeds next 作为女族长,旋风决定了牛群下一步的食物来源
based on her 46 years of experience. 根据她46年的经验.
Without the rains,nutritious grasses have withered and died. 没有雨水,营养丰富的草就会枯萎死亡.
The herd can only get enough food by feeding on woody shrubs like acacia. 牧群只能靠吃像相思树这样的木本灌木来获得足够的食物.
Stripping bark and leaves whilst avoiding six-centimetre-long thorns 剥树皮和树叶,同时避开6厘米长的刺
requires trunk strength and dexterity. 需要躯干力量和灵活性.
Safina tries to mimic Mum. 萨芬娜试图模仿妈妈.
She's got a lot to learn,Safina,because 她有很多东西要学,萨芬娜,因为
that trunk has got thousands of muscles in it - 那只躯干有几千块肌肉-
more than we have in our entire body - 比我们全身都多-
so you can imagine why that would take so long to get a handle of. 所以你可以想象为什么要花这么长时间才能搞定.
For now,Safina continues to suckle every three hours. 目前,萨芬娜继续每三个小时吸一次奶.
In her first year,her milk intake has doubled 第一年,她的牛奶摄入量增加了一倍
and she has tripled in size to 300kg. 她的体型增加了三倍,达到300公斤.
To keep growing and developing,it is vital for Safina to learn 为了不断成长和发展,萨芬娜学习是至关重要的
from the adults how to feed on these plants. 从成年人如何吃这些植物.
And,at this age, 在这个年纪,
Safina is capable of learning new behaviours rapidly. 萨芬娜能够迅速学习新的行为.
Ear-spreading and charging towards an unsuspecting victim 耳朵向毫无戒备的受害者张开耳朵并冲过去
makes her look bigger and more aggressive. 让她看起来更大更具侵略性.
She's getting feisty! 她越来越活跃了！
What's really interesting about Safina's behaviour, 萨芬娜的行为有什么真正有趣的地方,
this mock charging,is that this is learned behaviour. 这种模拟充电,就是说这是一种学习行为.
It's not like a lot of other animals,where it's instinctual. 它不像其他很多动物,它是本能的.
She's actually copying what other members of the herd have done. 她实际上是在模仿其他人的做法.
During a charge,adults learn to curl their trunk away 在一次冲锋中,成年人学会卷起他们的鼻子
from any damaging impacts,something Safina is still grappling with. 从任何破坏性的影响来看,萨芬娜仍在努力应对.
Safina gets most of her water from milk,but the adults must find 萨芬娜大部分的水是从牛奶中获取的,但大人们必须找到
up to 100 litres of water each,every day. 每天最多100升水.
Now,at the end of the dry season,the only water source left 现在,在旱季结束时,剩下的唯一水源
for all the elephants in the region is what remains 对于这个地区所有的大象来说
of the Ewaso Ny'iro river. 伊瓦索-尼罗河.
Elephants don't drink through their trunks like a straw. 大象不会像吸管一样用鼻子喝水.
They draw water up into their trunks and then 他们把水吸到树干里然后
spray that into their mouths. 喷到他们嘴里.
Up to ten litres at a time. 一次最多10升.
But Safina is once again struggling to co-ordinate her trunk. 但萨芬娜再次努力协调她的躯干.
Safina's got right down on her knees to try and get in the water. 萨芬娜跪下来试着下水.
I think she's trying to take some of it up just with her mouth, 我想她只是想用嘴吸一点,
not just her trunk. 不仅仅是她的后备箱.
She's going to have to learn that's not the best way to do it. 她要知道这不是最好的办法.
She needs to copy Mum. 她需要模仿妈妈.
Once the herd's thirst is quenched,Cyclone moves them on 一旦牛群的口渴被解渴,旋风就会把它们赶走
in the relentless search for food. 不停地寻找食物.
As matriarch,she must call on her encyclopaedic memory 作为女家长,她必须唤起她百科全书般的记忆
to remember where enough food can be found. 记住哪里能找到足够的食物.
Safina is learning to map her environment, 萨芬娜正在学习绘制环境图,
and she'll remember all these routes 她会记住所有这些路线的
so,when she's older,she'll know where to come for water, 所以,等她长大了,她就会知道去哪里打水了,
where the best vegetation is. 那里有最好的植被.
Every day,Sue looks for signs that Safina is developing 每天,苏都在寻找萨芬娜正在发育的迹象
the trunk control to finally feed herself during this dry time. 在这个干燥的时间里,后备箱控制装置终于可以养活自己了.
Young calves can learn to tackle new foods by watching and testing 幼犊牛可以通过观察和测试学会处理新的食物
what others are eating. 别人在吃什么.
Ooh. 哦.
Safina's really beginning to master her trunk now, 萨芬娜现在真的开始掌握她的后备箱了,
if I think back to a few months ago. 如果我回想起几个月前.
Stripping acacia branches,which is quite a talent, 剥相思树枝,真是个天才,
cos they're very spiky. 因为它们很尖.
She's like a sponge,the way that she sort of absorbs all this 她就像一块海绵,她吸收了这一切
information that's going on around her. 她周围的信息.
The rains are arriving and new shoots will soon emerge. 雨就要来了,新的嫩芽很快就会冒出来.
It will be at least another year before Safina is able 萨芬娜至少还需要一年时间
to feed herself completely. 完全养活自己.
But Safina will be constantly learning across a lifetime 但萨芬娜一生都会不断学习
that could span 70 years. 这可能会持续70年.
I'm optimistic Safina has the best start in life with a mother 我很乐观萨芬娜有个母亲是人生最好的开始
like Cyclone because she's so experienced, 就像旋风因为她经验丰富,
and,when she's her mother's age, 当她像她妈妈一样大的时候,
this world could have changed so much. 这个世界本可以改变很多.
But she'll have been equipped with the best skills and knowledge 但她将拥有最好的技能和知识
possible to hopefully adapt to that changing world. 有希望适应这个不断变化的世界.
Within just a year,these animal babies have transformed 在短短一年内,这些动物宝宝就发生了变化
from vulnerable newborns 从脆弱的新生儿身上
into confident characters. 变成自信的角色.
As they've grown,they have faced a variety of challenges. 随着他们的成长,他们面临着各种各样的挑战.
Overcoming their fiercest rivals 战胜他们最激烈的对手
escaping from potential disaster 逃离潜在的灾难
and learning the skills to survive in their environment. 学习在环境中生存的技能.
They have beaten the odds 他们克服了困难
and adapted to this ever-changing world. 适应了这个不断变化的世界.
They are now ready to take their next steps in the wild 它们现在已经准备好在野外采取下一步行动
at the end of their first year on Earth. 在他们在地球上的第一年结束时.